Medidas para optimizar cuidados post rinoplastia. Revisión sistemática de la literatura / Measures to optimize rhinoplasty post operative care, systematic review of the literature

Introducción: El cuidado postoperatorio de la rinoplastia ha evolucionado, paralelamente, al desarrollo de la técnica quirúrgica. Existen varias recomendaciones, sin embargo, hay una gran variabilidad interprofesional de las indicaciones post quirúrgicas. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre los cuidados post operatorios de la rinoplastia. Material y Método: Para la realización de este estudio se llevaron a cabo búsquedas en PubMed y en Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews con los perfiles: ([rhinoplasty] AND [post operative care]) y ([rhinoplasty] AND [post surgical care]). Se seleccionaron los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años, desde 2013 hasta 2023, ambos inclusive. Resultados: Los documentos analizados recogen la evidencia de los diferentes métodos de cuidados post quirúrgicos en rinoplastia. Estos confirman la utilización de corticoides en el período postoperatorio, así como el reposo en 90° y exponen la variabilidad interprofesional que existe en el protocolo postquirúrgico de esta cirugía. Conclusión: El uso de corticoides y el reposo en 90° disminuyen las complicaciones postquirúrgicas de la rinoplastia. Debe existir una clara información sobre lo que el paciente debe esperar post cirugía. El uso de opioides debe ser restringido y la analgesia debe ser multimodal. Es preciso realizar estudios futuros con mayor nivel de evidencia y tener protocolos uniformes para la práctica clínica.

Introduction: The postoperative care of rhinoplasty has evolved along with the development of the surgical technique. There are several recommendations, however there is enormous interprofessional variability of post-surgical indications. Aim: To carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature on rhinoplasty postoperative care. Material and Method: To carry out this study, searches were carried out in PubMed and in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with the profiles: ([rhinoplasty] AND [post operative care]) and ([rhinoplasty] AND [post surgical care]). Articles published in the last 10 years were selected, from 2013 to 2023, both inclusive. Results: The documents analyzed collect the evidence of the different methods of post-surgical care in rhinoplasty, they confirm the use of corticosteroids in the postoperative period as well as rest at 90° and expose the interprofessional variability that exists in the post-surgical protocol of this surgery. Conclusion: The use of corticosteroids and rest at 90° reduce the post-surgical complications of rhinoplasty. There must be clear information about what the patient should expect post surgery. The use of opioids must be restricted and analgesia must be multimodal. It is necessary to carry out future studies with a higher level of evidence and have uniform protocols for clinical practice.

The effects of pregabalin, solifenacin and their combination therapy on ureteral double-J stent-related symptoms: A randomized controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Background: Many medical therapies have been tested to deal with urinary stent-related symptoms (USRS). Several preventive and pharmaceutical methods have been already used for better compatibility of stents. However, the existing evidence for pharmacological treatment is still controversial. This study aims to evaluate the effects of pregabalin, solifenacin, and combination therapy on ureteral double-J stent-related symptoms following ureteroscopy and transureteral lithotripsy (TUL). Materials and methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, from November 2017 to March 2019, 256 patients who underwent ureteroscopy were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into four groups including: group A received pregabalin 75mg BID (twice daily), group B received solifenacin 5mg orally once daily, group C received combination of pregabalin and solifenacin and the group D (control) given no drugs. Results: One hundred and fifty-one (58.9%) males and 101 (41.1%) females were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 43.47±7 (p=0.32, p=0.67). USSQ domains score such as urinary symptoms, pain, general condition, work performance, sexual matters and additional problems were significantly differenced during second and fourth week of follow-up among study groups (p <0.0001). In Tukey's multiple comparison test, urinary symptoms (p=0.735), pain (p=0.954) and sexual matters (p=0.080) in second week and work performance in forth week in group B was not significantly better than group D. Only group C in all indexes of USSQ showed significantly beneficial effects over group D (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Combination therapy of pregabalin and solifenacin has a significant effect on stent-related symptoms and is preferred over monotherapy of the respected medications.

Eficácia e segurança de Pregabalina, Gabapentina, Memantina, Amitriptilina, treinamento físico com exercícios em solo ou aquáticos para tratamento de Fibromialgia: revisão rápida de evidências / Effectiveness and safety of Pregabalin, Gabapentin, Memantine, Amitriptyline, exercises on land or aquatic exercises for Fibromyalgia treatment: rapid evidence review

Tecnologia: Pregabalina, drogas não-opioides disponíveis no SUS, treinamento físico no solo ou em meio aquático. Indicação: Tratamento da fibromialgia. Pergunta: Há diferenças de eficácia e segurança entre a Pregabalina e as outras drogas não opioides ou terapias disponíveis no SUS para tratamento da dor crônica relacionada à fibromialgia? Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases eletrônicas PUBMED e Cochrane Database, seguindo estratégias de buscas predefinidas, com busca adicional na página eletrônica da Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde. Avaliou-se a qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas com Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews versão 2 (AMSTAR-II). Resultados: Foram selecionadas e incluídas 6 revisões sistemáticas. Conclusão: A afirmação de eficácia da Gabapentina, Amitriptilina e Memantina para tratamento da fibromialgia é pouco confiável, pois as evidências são de nível 3, provenientes de ensaios clínicos de baixa qualidade metodológica. Pregabalina é eficaz para reduzir a dor em curto prazo (risco absoluto é 50%, nível 1 de evidência), mas não em longo prazo. O treinamento físico, relatado como única estratégia eficaz para tratamento da fibromialgia nas diretrizes do SUS, não tem efeito clinicamente importante sobre a dor

Technology: Pregabalin, non-opioid drugs available in Brazilian Public Health System, aquatic exercise or exercise on land. Indication: Treatment of fibromyalgia. Question: Are there differences in efficacy and safety between Pregabalin and other non-opioid drugs or therapies available in the SUS for the treatment of chronic pain related to fibromyalgia? Methods: A bibliographic survey was carried out in the electronic databases PUBMED and Cochrane Database, following pre-defined search strategies, with an additional search on the website of the National Commission for the Incorporation of Health Technologies. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was evaluated with Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews version 2 (AMSTAR-II). Results: Six systematic reviews were selected and included. Conclusion: There is not confidence about effectiveness of Gabapentin, Amitriptyline and Memantine for fibromyalgia treatment (level 3 of evidence, from clinical trials of low methodological quality). Pregabalin, in the short term, is effective for reducing pain (absolut risk is 50%, level 1 of evidence), but not in the long term. Physical training, reported as the only effective strategy for treating fibromyalgia in Brazilian Public Health System guidelines, has no clinically important effect on pain.

Síndrome de dolor crónico postmastectomía: ¿qué podemos hacer en el período perioperatorio para disminuir su incidencia? / Postmastectomy chronic pain syndrome: what can we do to reduce the incidence?

El síndrome de dolor crónico postmastectomía es frecuente en pacientes sometidas a cirugía por cáncer de mamas, llegando a ser invalidante en casos severos. Existen distintos factores de riesgo para que éste se presente, siendo el dolor agudo postoperatorio el único en el cual podemos intervenir. La importancia de implementar estrategias de prevención en el periodo perioperatorio es fundamental. En la mantención de la anestesia general, la utilización de propofol se asocia con menor incidencia de dolor agudo postoperatorio. El uso de anestésicos locales, ya sea por vía tópica, subcutánea y sistémica, ha demostrado su beneficio para disminuir el dolor agudo. No obstante, solo el uso tópico y endovenoso ha sido útil para reducir el dolor hasta 3 meses postcirugía. Técnicas de analgesia regional, como el bloqueo PEC I y II, bloqueo paravertebral y bloqueo del erector de la espina han demostrado ser útiles para reducir el dolor agudo; pero solo el bloqueo paravertebral ha demostrado su utilidad en reducir el dolor hasta 1 año postcirugía. El uso de gabapentina, pregabalina y ketamina desde el periodo preoperatorio disminuyen la incidencia de dolor agudo postoperatorio. En tanto, la venlafaxina y dexmedetomidina demostraron su utilidad para reducir el dolor crónico.

Postmastectomy chronic pain syndrome is common in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer, becoming invalidating in severe cases. There are different risk factors for this to occur, with acute post-operative pain being the only one in which we can intervene. The importance of implementing prevention strategies in the perioperative period is essential. In the maintenance of general anesthesia, the use of propofol is associated with a lower incidence of acute post-operative pain. The use of local anesthetics, whether topically, subcutaneously and systemically, has shown its benefit in reducing acute pain. However, only topical and endovenous use has been useful to reduce pain up to 3 months after surgery. Regional analgesia techniques, such as PEC I and II block, paravertebral block, and spinal erector block have been shown to reduce acute pain; but only the paravertebral block has shown its usefulness in reducing pain up to 1 year after surgery. The use of gabapentin, pregabalin and ketamine from the preoperative period reduce the incidence of acute postoperative pain. Meanwhile, venlafaxine and dexmedetomidine proved useful in reducing chronic pain.

Treatment data from the Brazilian fibromyalgia registry (EpiFibro)

Abstract Background: EpiFibro (Brazilian Epidemiological Study of Fibromyalgia) was created to study patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Patients were included since 2011 according to the classification criteria for FM of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990 (ACR1990). Objective: To analyze the therapeutic measures prescribed by Brazilian physicians. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort. The therapeutic measures were described using descriptive statistics. Results: We analyzed 456 patients who had complete data in the registry. The mean age was 54.0 ± 11.9 years; 448 were women (98.2%). Almost all patients (98.4%) used medications, 62.7% received health education, and less than half reported practicing physical exercise; these modalities were often used in combination. Most patients who practiced exercises practiced aerobic exercise only, and a significant portion of patients combined it with flexibility exercises. The most commonly used medication was amitriptyline, followed by cyclobenzaprine, and a minority used medication specifically approved for FM, such as duloxetine and pregabalin, either alone or in combination. Combinations of two or three medications were observed, with the combination of fluoxetine and amitriptyline being the most frequent (18.8%). Conclusion: In this evaluation of the care of patients with FM in Brazil, it was found that the majority of patients are treated with a combination of pharmacological measures. Non-pharmacological methods are underused, with aerobic exercise being the most commonly practiced exercise type. The most commonly prescribed single drug was amitriptyline, and the most commonly prescribed combination was fluoxetine and amitriptyline. Drugs specifically approved for FM are seldom prescribed.(AU)

Sincondrose Dolorosa da Patela ­ uma causa incomum de dor no joelho / Patellar painful Synchondrosis ­ An uncommon cause of knee pain

A patela é o maior osso sesamoide do corpo humano, posicionado longitudinalmente na fáscia do músculo quadríceps, entre os tendões quadríceps e patelar. A patela bipartida dolorosa, também conhecida como "sincrondose dolorosa", é uma causa conhecida de dor no joelho anterior, é um diagnóstico de exclusão. Objetivo: Relatar um caso e revisar a literatura acerca desta lesão incomum. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão do prontuário do paciente no Hospital Luxemburgo, registro fotográfico do método diagnóstico e revisão da literatura. Resultados: Homem de 45 anos com dor no joelho direito há 01 ano, principalmente na região anterior, que piora ao agachar. Ao exame físico apresenta edema com dor a palpação da patela. A radiografia demonstra patela bipartida. A ressonância magnética (RM) do joelho direito demonstra patela bipartida com união fibrosa entre o fragmento bipartido superolateral e a patela, associada a lesões condrais e edema subcondrais, compatível com "sincondrose dolorosa" da patela. Conclusão: Este relato demonstra a dificuldade de diagnosticar está lesão, pois seu o exame físico é inespecífico e a radiografia demonstra apenas a variação da normalidade ­ patela bipartida, sem evidenciar as alterações próprias da doença, caracterizada apenas pela RM.

The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in thehuman body, positioned longitudinally in the quadriceps muscle fascia, between the quadriceps and patellar tendons. The painful bipartite patella, also known as "painful synchondrosis", is a known cause of anterior knee pain, is a diagnosis of exclusion.Objective: Report a case and review the literature about this uncommon lesion. Materials and Methods: We carried out a review of medical records at Hospital Luxemburgo, a photographic record of diagnostic methods, and a review from the literature. Results: 45-year-old man with right knee pain for 1 year, mainly in the anterior region, which worsens when crouching. Physical examination shows edema with pain on palpation of the patella. Right knee radiography demonstrates a bipartite patella. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the right knee demonstrates a bipartite patella with a fibrous union between the superolateral bipartite fragment and the patella, associated with chondral lesions and subchondral edema, compatible with patella "painful synchondrosis". Conclusion: This report demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing this lesion, since its physical examination is nonspecific and the radiography shows only the normal variation ­ bipartite patella, without evidencing the disease alterations, characterized only by MRI.

Acercamiento a la tos crónica en adultos / An approach to chronic cough

RESUMEN La tos crónica en los adultos puede ser causada por muchas causas, existen cuatro principales: el síndrome de tos de la vía aérea superior, enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, reflujo laringofaríngeo, asma bronquial, y bronquitis eosinofílica no asmática. Todos los pacientes deben evaluarse clínicamente con espirometria, y comenzar con tratamiento empírico. Otras causas potenciales incluyen el uso de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, cambios medioambientales, uso del tabaco, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, y la apnea obstructiva del sueño. La radiografía del tórax puede orientar hacia causas infecciosas, inflamatorias, y malignas. Los pacientes con tos crónica refractaria pueden remitirse a la consulta especializada de un neumólogo u otorrinolaringólogo, además de un ensayo terapéutico con gabapentin, pregabalin, y psicoterapia.

ABSTRACT Although chronic cough in adults can be caused by many etiologies, four conditions account for most cases: upper airway cough syndrome, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, also known as laryngo- pharyngeal reflux disease, bronchial asthma, and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. All patients should be evaluated clinically with spirometry, and empiric treatment should be initiated. Other potential causes include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, environmental triggers, tobacco use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. Chest radiography can rule out concerning infectious, inflammatory, and malignant thoracic conditions. Patients with refractory chronic cough should be referred to a pulmonologist or otolaryngologist in addition to a therapeutic trial of gabapentin, pregabalin, and psychotherapy.

Síndrome de piernas inquietas en niños: caracterización clínica / Characterization of restless leg syndrome in children

El Síndrome de piernas inquietas (SPI) o Enfermedad de Willis­Ekbom, es una condición neurológica que afecta al 2-4% de los niños en edad escolar. Etiológicamente se ha relacionado al metabolismo del hierro y a factores genéticos entre otros. En niños aun es una patología poco diagnosticada. Trabajo observacional descriptivo, en el cual se realiza caracterización clínica, según criterios internacionales, en 14 pacientes menores de 18 años, 9 varones. Edad promedio 8 años. Sintomatología inicial variada, desde resistencia a ir a la cama, hasta dibujar sus molestias. En 10 se comprobó déficit de hierro. En 11 pacientes se realizó un polisomnograma, 10 de ellos con un índice elevado de movimientos periódicos de extremidades. El uso de pregabalina y aporte de hierro fue el tratamiento más utilizado. Dos pacientes tenían padres diagnosticados con SPI.

Abstract. The Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom Disease is a neurological condition that affects 2-4% of school-age children. Its etiology has been related to the metabolism of iron and genetic factors among others. In children it is still a frequently undiagnosed disorder. This is a descriptive observational report, in which clinical characterization is carried out according to international criteria in 14 patients under 18 years old, 9 boys. Average age is 8 years old. The initial symptomatology was varied, from resistance to comply with bedtime, to drawing their discomfort. In 9, iron deficiency was found. A polysomnogram was performed in 11 patients, 10 of which had a high periodic limb movements index. The use of pregabalin and supplementary iron were the most used treatments. Two patients had parents diagnosed with RLS.

Tratamiento con pregabalina en pacientes con fibromialgia / Treatment with pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia

A partir de una viñeta clínica, la autora describe los resultados de dos revisiones sistemáticas que evaluaron la eficacia y la seguridad de la pregabalina para el alivio del dolor en pacientes con fibromialgia. (AU)

Based on a clinical vignette, the author describes the results of two systematic reviews that evaluated the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for pain relief in patients with fibromyalgia. (AU)

Uso de pregabalina en el tratamiento de la lumbociatalgia / Pregabalin for treatment of low back pain

La lumbociatalgia es un problema clínico común, que en la mayoría de los casos se autolimita y se puede tratar en forma conservadora, usando medidas no farmacológicas y analgésicos como paracetamol o los antiinflamatorios no esteroi-deos. Otro medicamento muy utilizado en nuestro medio es la pregabalina, a pesar de que no se encuentra aprobada para dicha indicación. En este trabajo, el autor se pregunta acerca de la utilidad clínica de la pregabalina y luego de hacer una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la evidencia más actualizada y de mejor calidad acerca del tema, concluye que no es efectiva para lumbociatalgia y que se acompaña de efectos adversos significativos. Esto coincide con las recomenda-ciones de las guías internacionales, que en su mayoría desaconsejan el uso de anticonvulsivantes para la lumbalgia. (AU)

Sciatica is a common clinical situation, in most cases self-limited and which can be managed conservatively with nonpharmaco-logic treatment and analgesics, such as paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pregabalin is also commonly used, despite not being approved for this indication. In this article, the author queries about the clinical usefulness of pregabalin, and after carrying out a bibliographic search of the most recent and best-quality evidence, concludes that it is not effective in sciatica while it causes significant adverse effects. This is in line with the recommendations of most international guidelines,that do not recommend the use of anticonvulsivants drugs for the treatment of lumbalgia. (AU)

Perioperative gabapentin and pregabalin in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Gabapentina e pregabalina no período perioperatório em cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract Objectives: Sternotomy for cardiac surgeries causes significant postoperative pain and when not properly managed may cause significant morbidity. As neuropathic pain is a significant component here, gabapentin and pregabalin may be effective in these patients and may reduce postoperative opioid consumption. The purpose of this systematic review was to find out efficacy of gabapentin and pregabalin in acute postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods: Published prospective human randomized clinical trials, which compared preoperative and/or postoperative gabapentin/pregabalin with placebo or no treatment for postoperative pain management after cardiac surgery has been included in this review. Results: Four RCTs each for gabapentin and pregabalin have been included in this systematic review. Three gabapentin and two pregabalin studies reported decrease in opioid consumption in cardiac surgical patients while one gabapentin and two pregabalin studies did not. Three RCTs each for gabapentin and pregabalin reported lower pain scores both during activity and rest. The drugs are not associated with any significant complications. Conclusion: Despite lower pain scores in the postoperative period, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine use of gabapentin and pregabalin to reduce opioid consumption in the cardiac surgical patients.

Resumo Objetivos: A esternotomia para cirurgias cardíacas causa dor intensa no pós-operatório e quando não tratada adequadamente pode causar morbidade grave. Como nesse caso a dor neuropática é uma componente importante, gabapentina e pregabalina podem ser eficazes nesses pacientes e podem reduzir o consumo de opioides no pós-operatório. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a eficácia de gabapentina e pregabalina na dor aguda após cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Foram incluídos nesta revisão estudos clínicos prospectivos e randômicos com humanos, que compararam o uso de gabapentina/pregabalina nos períodos pré- e/ou pós-operatório com placebo ou nenhum tratamento para o controle da dor no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Resultados: Quatro ECRs de gabapentina e pregabalina foram incluídos nesta revisão sistemática. Três estudos de gabapentina e dois de pregabalina relataram diminuição do consumo de opioides em pacientes cirúrgicos cardíacos; um estudo de gabapentina e dois de pregabalina não relataram. Três ECRs de gabapentina e pregabalina relataram escores menores de dor, durante a atividade e o repouso. Os medicamentos não estão associados a complicações significativas. Conclusão: Embora os escores de dor tenham sido menores no pós-operatório, não há evidências suficientes para recomendar o uso rotineiro de gabapentina e pregabalina para reduzir o consumo de opioides em pacientes cirúrgicos cardíacos.

Retroauricular pain caused by Eagle syndrome: A rare presentation due to compression by styloid process elongation / Dor retroauricular causada pela síndrome de Eagle: uma apresentação rara por compressão pelo alongamento do processo estiloide

Summary Eagle syndrome is a rare condition presenting with retroauricular pain (usually as main symptom) associated with dysphagia, headache, neck pain on rotation and, much rarelier, stroke. This occurs due to styloid process elongation. Sometimes, there is also styloid ligament calcification, which can cause compression of nerves and arteries and the symptoms above. Treatment can be conservative with pain modulators (e.g. pregabalin) or infiltrations (steroids or anesthetics drugs). In refractory cases, surgical approach aiming to reduce the size of the styloid process can be performed. We present a rare case of Eagle syndrome (documented by computed tomography) with good response to clinical treatment.

Resumo A síndrome de Eagle é uma condição rara na qual ocorre dor retroauricular (usualmente é o principal sintoma) associada a disfagia, cefaleia, cervicalgia durante a rotação da cabeça e, mais raramente, a AVC. Isso ocorre por conta do alongamento do processo estiloide e, às vezes, há também calcificação do ligamento estiloide. Essas estruturas podem comprimir nervos e artérias causando os sintomas citados. O tratamento pode ser conservador com moduladores da dor, como pregabalina, ou com infiltrações (corticoides ou drogas anestésicas). Em casos refratários, cirurgia para reduzir o tamanho do processo estiloide pode ser realizada. É apresentado um caso raro de síndrome de Eagle (documentado com tomografia computadorizada) com boa resposta ao tratamento clínico.

Comparative role of pregabalin and carbamazepine regarding efficacy in painful diabetic neuropathy

Neuropathic pain is the most severe and resistant type of pain which has impact on quality of life ana behaviour; it most commonly occurs at night causing disturbed; sleep. Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of painful neuropathy. In this study, we are comparing the effectiveness of old treatment Carbamazepine with Pregabalin in painful diabetic neuropathy. The study was an open-label trial conducted in Diabetic Clinic of Medical Unit-Ill, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi. The duration of the study was 90 days, from December 2010 to March 2011. The study has been approved from ethical committee of JPMC, Karachi with the reference NO.F.2-81/2010-GENL/195/JPMC. 60 established patients of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy from Diabetic Clinic of Medical Unit-Ill OPD were included in the 90-day study, irrespective of gender, with duration of diabetes more than 10 years. All subjects are placed into two groups. In group A, comprising of 30 patients [n=30], Pregabalin was administered and in group B, also comprising of 30 patients [n=30], Carbamazepine. The intensity of pain was compared on visual analog scale of McGill pain questionnaire. In group A [Pregabalin], the mean pain score fell from 6.17+/-0.14 to 3.50+/-0.15 from day 0 to day 90 [p-value=0.001] and the percentage of change also in visual analog scale of McGill pain questionnaire was -43.31%. In group B [Carbamazepine], the changes in pain score from initially 6.07+/-0.14 falling to 4.23+/-0.13 from day 0 to day 90 [p-value=0.001] and the percentage of change was -30.31%. Pregabalin was observed to be more potent. Both drugs were well tolerated by all participants that also completed the entire duration of the trial

Prophylactic use of pregabalin for prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study / Uso profilático de pregabalina para prevenção de mialgia e fasciculação induzidas por succinilcolina: estudo randômico, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Succinylcholine is commonly used to achieve profound neuromuscular blockade of rapid onset and short duration. OBJECTIVE: The present study compared the efficacy of pregabalin for prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients of both genders undergoing elective spine surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in Group P (pregabalin group) received 150 mg of pregabalin orally 1 h prior to induction of anesthesia with sips of water and patients in Group C (control group) received placebo. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 1.5 mcg/kg, propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. The intensity of fasciculations was assessed by an observer blinded to the group allotment of the patient on a 4-point scale. A blinded observer recorded postoperative myalgia grade after 24 h of surgery. Patients were provided patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl for postoperative pain relief. RESULTS: Demographic data of both groups were comparable (p > 0.05). The incidence of muscle fasciculation's was not significant between two groups (p = 0.707), while more patients in group C had moderate to severe fasciculation's compared to group P (p = 0.028). The incidence and severity of myalgia were significantly lower in group P (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pregabalin 150 mg prevents succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and myalgia and also decreases the fentanyl consumption in elective sine surgery.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA: A succinilcolina é comumente usada para atingir um bloqueio neuromuscular profundo, de início rápido e de curta duração. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia de pregabalina na prevenção de mialgia e fasciculação induzidas por succinilcolina. DESENHO: Estudo prospectivo, randômico, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Pacientes de ambos os sexos submetidos a cirurgia eletiva de coluna foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos. Os pacientes do Grupo P (pregabalina) receberam 150 mg de pregabalina oral uma hora antes da indução da anestesia e os pacientes do Grupo C (controle) receberam placebo. A anestesia foi induzida com fentanil (1,5 mcg/kg) e propofol (1,5-2,0 mg/kg), seguidos de succinilcolina 1,5 mg/kg. A intensidade da fasciculação foi avaliada por um observador, cego para a alocação dos grupos, com uma escala de 4 pontos. Um observador cego registrou o grau pós-operatório de mialgia após 24 horas de cirurgia. Para o alívio da dor no pós-operatório, fentanil foi usado em sistema de analgesia controlada pelo paciente. RESULTADOS: Os dados demográficos de ambos os grupos eram comparáveis (p > 0,05). A incidência de fasciculação muscular não foi significativa entre os dois grupos (p = 0,707), enquanto mais pacientes do Grupo C apresentaram fasciculação de moderada a grave em relação ao Grupo P (p = 0,028). A incidência e a gravidade da mialgia foram significativamente menores no grupo P (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Pregabalina (150 mg) previne mialgia e fasciculação induzidas por succinilcolina, além de diminur o consumo de fentanil em cirurgia eletiva de coluna.

The Effectiveness of Oral Corticosteroids for Management of Lumbar Radiating Pain: Randomized, Controlled Trial Study

BACKGROUND: Although both pregabalin and gabapentin are known to be useful for treating lumbar radiating pain and reducing the incidence of surgery, the oral corticosteroids sometimes offer a dramatic effect on severe radiating pain despite the lack of scientific evidence. METHODS: A total of 54 patients were enrolled among 703 patients who complained of lumbar radiating pain. Twenty patients who received an oral corticosteroid was classified as group A and 20 patients who received the control drugs (pregabalin or gabapentin) as group B. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Revised Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, lumbar radiating pain, objective patient satisfaction, and objective improvement of patients or physicians were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after medication. RESULTS: No difference in the sex ratio and age was observed between the groups (p = 0.70 and p = 0.13, respectively). Group A showed greater improvement in radiating pain after 2, 6, and 12 weeks than group B (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). No differences were observed between the groups in satisfaction at the beginning and 12 weeks after taking the medication (p = 0.062 and p = 0.061, respectively) and in objective improvement of patients and physicians (p = 0.657 and p = 0.748, respectively). Group A was less disabled and had greater physical health scores than group B (p = 0.014 and p = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Oral corticosteroids for the treatment of lumbar radiating pain can be more effective in pain relief than gabapentin or pregabalin. The satisfaction of patients and physicians with the drug and objective improvement status were not inferior to that with gabapentin or pregabalin.

A Case of Severe Peripheral Polyneuropathy Occurring after Entecavir Treatment in a Hepatitis B Patient / 대한소화기학회지

Entecavir (Baraclude®) is an oral antiviral drug used for the treatment of HBV. Entecavir is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor which prevents the HBV from multiplying. Most common adverse reactions caused by entecavir are headache, fatigue, dizziness, and nausea. Until now, there has been no report of peripheral neuropathy as a side effect associated with entecavir treatment. Herein, we report a case of peripheral neuropathy which probably occurred after treatment with entecavir in a hepatitis B patient. The possibility of the occurrence of this side effect should be carefully taken into consideration when a patient takes a high dose of entecavir for a long period of time or has risk factors for neuropathy at the time of initiating entecavir therapy.

Adding 75 mg pregabalin to analgesic regimen reduces pain scores and opioid consumption in adults following percutaneous nephrolithotomy / Adição de 75 mg de pregabalina ao regime analgésico reduz escores de dor e consumo de opiáceos em adultos após nefrolitotomia percutânea / La adición de 75 mg de pregabalina al régimen analgésico reduce puntuaciones de dolor y consumo de opiáceos en adultos después de la nefrolitotomía percutánea

Background and objectives: Adding novel adjunctive drugs like gabapentinoids to multimodal analgesic regimen might be reasonable for lessening postoperative pain scores, total opioid consumption and side effects after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pregabalin on postoperative pain scores, analgesic consumption and renal functions expressed by creatinine clearance (CrCl) and blood neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: 60 patients undergoing elective PCNL were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized to oral single dose 75 mg pregabalin group and a control group. Visual Analog Scale pain scores (VAS), postoperative intravenous morphine consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours, serum NGAL, Cys C levels and creatinine clearance (CrCl) was measured preoperatively and post-operatively at 2nd and 24th hour. Results: Postoperative VAS scores were significantly decreased in the pregabalin group at the postoperative 30th min, 1st, and 2nd hour (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). Postoperative mean morphine consumption was statistically significantly decreased for all time intervals in the pregabalin group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to CrCl, or Cys C at preoperative and postoperative 2nd and 24th hour. Postoperative 24th hour NGAL levels were significantly decreased in the pregabalin group (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Oral single-dose preemptive 75 mg pregabalin was effective in reducing early postoperative pain scores and total analgesic consumption in patients undergoing PCNL without leading to hemodynamic instability and side effects. .

Justificativa e objetivos: A adição de novos medicamentos adjuvantes, como os gabapentinoides, ao regime analgésico multimodal pode ser razoável para diminuir os escores de dor no pós-operatório, o consumo total de opiáceos e os efeitos colaterais após nefrolitotomia percutânea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar durante o período pós-operatório o efeito de pregabalina nos escores de dor, consumo de analgésicos e funções renais expressas por clearance de creatinina (ClCr) e níveis séricos de cistatina-C (Cis-C) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase de neutrófilos (LAGN) em pacientes submetidos à nefrolitotomia percutânea (NLPC). Métodos: Sessenta pacientes submetidos à NLPC eletiva foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receber pregabalina oral em dose única de 75 mg – grupo pregabalina e grupo controle. Os escores de dor medidos pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), o consumo de morfina intravenosa nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório, LAGN sérico, níveis de Cis-C e clearance de creatinina (ClCr) foram mensurados no pré-operátorio e na segunda e 24a horas de pós-operatório. Resultados: Os escores EVA no pós-operatório foram significativamente menores no grupo pregabalina nos tempos de 30 min, 1 e 2 horas (p = 0,002, p = 0,001 e p = 0,027, respectivamente). A média do consumo de morfina no pós-operatório foi estatisticamente significante menor em todos os intervalos de tempo no grupo pregabalina (p = 0,002, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos em relação ao ClCr ou Cis-C no pré-operatório e na segunda e 24a horas de pós-operatório. Os níveis de LAGN na 24a hora de pós-...

Justificación y objetivos: La adición de nuevos medicamentos adyuvantes, como los gabapentinoides, al régimen analgésico multimodal puede ser interesante para poder disminuir las puntuaciones de dolor en el postoperatorio, el consumo total de opiáceos y los efectos colaterales después de la nefrolitotomía percutánea. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar, durante el período postoperatorio, el efecto de la pregabalina en las puntuaciones de dolor, consumo de analgésicos y funciones renales expresadas por aclaramiento de creatinina y niveles séricos de cistatina-C y lipocalina asociada con la gelatinasa de neutrófilos en pacientes sometidos a la nefrolitotomía percutánea. Métodos: Sesenta pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea electiva fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados para recibir pregabalina oral en dosis única de 75 mg (grupo pregabalina) y grupo control. Las puntuaciones de dolor medidas por la escala visual analógica, el consumo de morfina intravenosa en las primeras 24 h de postoperatorio, nivel sérico de lipocalina asociada a la gelatinasa de neutrófilos, niveles de cistatina-C y aclaramiento de creatinina fueron medidos en el preoperatorio y en la 2.a y 24.a horas del postoperatorio. Resultados: Las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica en el postoperatorio fueron significativamente menores en el grupo pregabalina a los 30 min, 1 y 2 h (p = 0,002; p = 0,001; y p = 0,027 respectivamente). El promedio del consumo de morfina en el postoperatorio fue estadísticamente significativo y menor en todos los intervalos de tiempo en el grupo pregabalina (p = 0,002; p = 0,001; p = 0,001; p = 0,001; p < 0,001 respectivamente). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los 2 grupos con relación al aclaramiento de creatinina o cistatina-C en el preoperatorio y en ...